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<title><string language="fre"><![CDATA[Tracing Human Ancestral Migration from its Symbiotic Bacteria / Alexia Nguyen Trung]]></string></title>
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<string language="fre"><![CDATA[Tracing Human Ancestral Migration from its Symbiotic Bacteria / Alexia Nguyen Trung, in colloque "1st Virtual Conference for Women Archaeologists and Paleontologists. Nouveaux apports à l’étude des populations et environnements passés" organisé par le laboratoire Travaux et Recherches Archéologiques sur les Cultures, les Espaces et les Sociétés (TRACES) de l’Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès et le laboratoire Paléontologie Évolution Paléoécosystèmes (PALEVOPRIM) de l'Université de Poitiers, sous la responsabilité scientifique de Julie Bachellerie, Ana Belén Galán López (Traces), Émilie Berlioz et Margot Louail (Palevoprim). Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, 8-9 mars 2021. 
Session 2 : Occupation of territories and population mobility. 
[Conférence enregistrée en distanciel].
Our understanding
of the history of human migrations around the globe has greatly benefited from
the development of human population genetics. It has revealed the routes of
colonization and striking events of admixture of populations on the way. Many
species have accompanied humans on their journey, particularly microbes closely
associated to their human host. H. pylori is present in the stomach of
50% of humans. Its transmission is vertical, since it occurs particularly
during childhood within the family, limiting the spread of a strain to its
carrier human group. Previous work has established that its presence in Homo
sapiens dates back to before the major human migrations and that H.
pylori accompanied its host during the settlement process of continents, to
the point that the phylogeny traces in broad lines the history of human
migrations since Out Of Africa. We have developed tools to reconstruct
the history of bacterial genomes and particularly Horizontal Gene Transfer,
which is the ability of bacteria to acquire genetic material from other strains
or species. We have shown the efficiency of these methods for retracing ancient
contacts and dating the history of free-living bacteria and we use the same
approach to explore the history of H. pylori. By reconstructing the
history of a sample of representative H. pylori strains, we use these
methods to detail the historical contacts between strains and interpret these
events in terms of contacts between ancestral human populations. We focus on
the complex history of European populations taking advantage of the ancient
genome of H. pylori extracted from Ötzi, the iceman, which dates back to around
3000 BCA. Ötzi's H. pylori shows clear relationships with strains that
are found today in Asia. During this presentation we will detail the method and
discuss our results on the history of human mobilities in Europe, through the
prism of symbiotic bacteria.]]></string></description>
<keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[paléoanthropologie]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[Helicobacter pylori]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[Paléolithique]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[migrations de peuples préhistoriques]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[bactéries symbiotiques]]></string></keyword>
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NOTE:Titulaire d'une Maîtrise de l'École Supérieure d'AudioVisuel de Toulouse, Nathalie Michaud est réalisatrice en audiovisuel, cheffe de service adjointe du Service de Conception et Production Audiovisuelle (SCPAM), au sein de la Direction des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication pour l'Enseignement (DTICE) à l'Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès (France). 
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NOTE:Alexia Nguyen Trung est doctorante au sein du laboratoire Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive (LBBE) à l'Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1 (Villeurbanne, France) où elle prépare une thèse en Physiologie et biologie des organismes-populations-interactions portant sur les "Pathogènes et mutualistes de l'homme comme marqueurs de son évolution". Elle explore les méthodes biométriques appliquées à l'archéologie, en particulier un mécanisme naturel des bactéries pour développer une méthode de datation. &gt; Voir sa page prsonnelle (LBBE). 
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