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<title><string language="fre"><![CDATA[Turkey and Iran: Liquid Alignment and Regional Balances]]></string></title>
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<string language="fre"><![CDATA[Iran and Turkey have been competing for regional power projection in the Middle East for almost centuries. Current developments, noticeably in Syria and Iraq are the new scenes of cooperation and competition schemes between these two actors. Both parties sought a solution through cooperation to find a peaceful end to the conflict in the Astana talks, while also at the same time confronting each other in Idlib province via proxies. This simultaneity of competition, cooperation, and confrontation that has been reinforced in the Syrian Crisis present a picture of a relationship that is riddled with contradictions and is in effect a paradox.
 The question that must be asked is, how can we understand this puzzle of competition, cooperation, and confrontation in Turkish–Iranian relations in the Syrian Crisis but not only, even in the Caucasus and in the larger Middle East.  Historical and contemporary research brings in discussions on the longue durée, narratives, domestic constraints, and, most importantly the international factors which can help to decipher this intellectual puzzle. Moreover, the ‘relationality’ of each country’s policies in Syria combined with historical regard on the mutual perception can help unlock the puzzle of the Turkish–Iranian relationship in Eurasia and the Middle East, and provide insight into the debate surrounding the diverging Turkish and Iranian policies in the Syrian crisis.]]></string></description>
<keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[relations internationales]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[Iran]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[politique étrangère]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[Turquie contemporaine]]></string></keyword>
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FN:Bayram BALCI
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NOTE:Chercheur, Programme de recherche sur le Caucase et la mer Noire, IFEA - Institut Français d'Etudes Anatoliennes, Istambul, Turquie 
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<date><dateTime>2021-03-10</dateTime></date>
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NOTE:Dr. Mitat Çelikpala&nbsp;is Professor of International Relations and Vice-rector at Kadir Has University, Istanbul. He teaches graduate and undergraduate courses on Eurasian security, energy and critical infrastructure security/protection, Turkish foreign and domestic policy and the Caucasus. Prof. Çelikpala is the board member of the Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies (EDAM), the International Relations Council of Turkey and the Managing Editor of the&nbsp;Journal of&nbsp;International Relations: Academic Journal. He previously served as an academic advisor to NATO’s Center of Excellence Defense against Terrorism in Ankara (2009-2012), especially on the regional security and the critical infrastructure protection; and was the board member to the Strategic Research and Study Center (SAREM), Turkish General Staff (2005-2011); Academic Adviser to the Center for Strategic Research (SAM), Turkish Foreign Ministry (2002-2010) and&nbsp;Caspian Strategy Institute, Istanbul Turkey (2012–2013).&nbsp;He was a Senior Associate Member at St Antony’s College, Oxford University, UK (2005-2006). He has written for a number of academic publications including&nbsp;Middle Eastern Studies,&nbsp;International Journal of Turkish Studies, Insight Turkey and&nbsp;Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies. He also contributed many conference papers on Turkish foreign policy, Turkish-Russian relations, Eurasianism and Turkish geopolitics. 
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NOTE:Dr. Salih B?çakc?&nbsp;is Associate Professor of International Relations at Kadir Has University, Istanbul. He completed his B.A. on History at Marmara University Education Faculty in 1994, and his M.A. at Marmara University Turkic Research Institute&nbsp;in 1996. B?çakc? received his PhD from Tel Aviv University in Israel in 2004. Dr. B?çakc? began his academic career at I??k University and took part in numerous academic projects on identity, security and terrorism. He has thought classes in several national and international universities on the Middle East in International Politics, International Security, International Relations Theory and Turkish Foreign Policy. He has made evaluations and presentations on cyber security at the NATO Defense Against Terrorism Centre of Excellence (COEDAT), NATO Command and Control Centre of Excellence (C2COE) and NATO Maritime Security Centre of Excellence. He has though Cyber Security and Middle Eastern Security courses at the Armed Forces Academy of the Turkish War College. He has presented on international security and cyber security in several international academic conferences. 
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NOTE:Bayram Sinkaya&nbsp;is Assistant Professor in the Department of International Relations in the Faculty of Political Science at Y?ld?r?m Beyaz?t University, Ankara. He received his PhD from Middle East Technical University, Ankara. He has been a Visiting Researcher at Columbia University (2007-2008). His research interests include Iranian politics, Iran’s foreign and security policies, Middle Eastern politics and the Turkish foreign policy. He is the author of The Revolutionary Guards in Iranian Politics: Elites and Shifting Relations (NY: Routledge, 2015). 
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