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<title><string language="fre"><![CDATA[Jean-Michel Turcotte - Just a Scrap of Paper? Western Military Officers, Humanitarianism and the Shaping of International Humanitarian Law, 1864–1907]]></string></title>
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<string language="fre"><![CDATA[This presentation takes a
look at my new book project focusing on the history of the Geneva Conventions. The first Convention for the Amelioration of the
Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field signed in August 1864
has defined for first time the concept of international humanitarian law (IHL).
The Convention, modified thereafter in 1906 and in the Hague Conventions,
addressed humanitarian protection to soldiers and civilians in wartime.
Scholars have often presented the development of IHL as the result of efforts
made by lawyers, jurists, diplomates, the International Committee of the Red
Cross—and other pacifist and internationalist actors in order to bringing
humanity in warfare. Military actors, however, though being directly involved
in international discussion as well as in the practice of IHL in war appear only
on the margins of scholarship from both fields of humanitarianism and military
history. Existing literature often argued that American and European military
authorities had opposed, or at least have been unsympathetic, to the IHL since
1864 by advancing militarist arguments such as “military necessity” and the danger
of limiting their action on the battlefield, and by committing numerous
violations of IHL in wartime. My project challenges this argument by
questioning the role played by military experts, and high officers in
international debates related to IHL. This research interests in the cases of the
United States, Germany, France and Britain.]]></string></description>
<keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[droit international]]></string></keyword>
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<date><dateTime>2021-09-17</dateTime></date>
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