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<title><string language="fre"><![CDATA[The quadruple bottom line: Nonprofit Housing Organizations in the United States [VO] / Rachel Bratt]]></string></title>
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<string language="fre"><![CDATA[The quadruple bottom line: Nonprofit Housing Organizations in the United States: Variations, Vitality, and Values [VO] / Rachel Bratt. In "Mixité : an urban and housing issue? Mixing people, housing and activities as urban challenge of the future", 23ème colloque international de l'European Network for Housing Research (ENHR), organisé par le Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires (LISST) à l'Université Toulouse II-Le Mirail, 5-8 juillet 2011. 
Plénière 2: International perspectives on social enterprise and hybridity in housing organisations, 7 juillet 2011. 
U.S. nonprofit housing organizations strive to meet the Quadruple Bottom Line, which encompasses the challenges presented by the private market, while serving targeted resident groups and neighborhoods, in an environmentally responsible manner. The paper assesses the extent to which a framework developed by Czischke, Gruis and Mullins captures the activities of U.S. nonprofit housing organizations. Further, given the workings of the private housing market, it examines the shared and conflicting values of U.S. nonprofit housing organizations and how the various components of the Quadruple Bottom Line interact with one another. This should contribute to a better understanding of why hybridization is a defining characteristic of the U.S. nonprofit social housing sector and to clearer policy directions.]]></string></description>
<keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[mixité sociale]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[logement social (Etats-Unis)]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[marché immobilier (Etats-Unis)]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[offices publics du logement]]></string></keyword><keyword><string language="fre"><![CDATA[politique du logement (Etats-Unis)]]></string></keyword>
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NOTE:Rachel G. Bratt is a Professor of Urban and Environmental Policy and Planning, Tufts University; she served as department chair for nearly 10 years. Professor Bratt’s research is focused primarily on housing problems facing low-income households and the role of nonprofit organizations in supplying decent, affordable housing. Her work has been funded by, for example, the Ford Foundation, the Fannie Mae Foundation, and the Housing Partnership Network She is the author or co-author of dozens of articles, appearing in both academic and popular outlets, as well as a number of professional reports. Professor Bratt is the author or co-editor of three books: Rebuilding a Low-Income Housing Policy, Critical Perspectives on Housing and A Right to Housing: Foundation for a New Social Agenda. In addition to her academic activities, Professor Bratt worked as a professional planner in the City of Worcester, Massachusetts and has served on a number of boards and advisory committees: the Consumer Advisory Council of the Federal Reserve Bank (1984-1986); the Multifamily Advisory Committee of MassHousing (1983-1996); and the board of the Citizens’ Housing and Planning Association (1990-present). In her local community, she was on the Wayland (Massachusetts) Planning Board and is a current member of the Wayland Housing Partnership (2004-present). From 2002-2009 she was a Fellow at Harvard’s Joint Center for Housing Studies. Professor Bratt received a Ph.D. from MIT in Urban and Regional Studies. &gt; Voir sa page personnelle (Tufts Univ.) 
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