58 résultats : cell

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From the question “what is life?” to the building of minimal cells

Description : For many centuries, the question about the meaning and nature of life has been central in philosophy and science. We have now gathered, through experimental approaches, a large body of knowledge about the organization of living organisms at different levels, but the question “what is life?” remains ...

Mots clés : cellules, Mycoplasmas, minimal cells, mycoplasmes

Date : 15-03-2016

Droits : Droits réservés à l'éditeur et aux auteurs. Creative Commons (BY NC)

From the question “what is life?” to the building of minimal cells

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The cell as an elementary organism: from Schwann to Brücke and Kölliker

Description : This presentation is about the way cell physiology (Cellular physiologie) was born. Indeed, Schwann invented the cell theory in 1839, but his views on the cell were rapidly challenged and transformed. On the one hand, the principle of formation of cells by a sort of crystallization was replaced by ...

Mots clés : philosophy, Philosophie, Cell theory, Théorie cellulaire

Date : 22-11-2016

Droits : Droits réservés à l'éditeur et aux auteurs. Creative Commons (BY NC)

The cell as an elementary organism: from Schwann to Brücke and Kölliker

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1.1. The cell, atom of the living world

Description : Welcome to this introduction to bioinformatics. We will speak of genomes and algorithms. More specifically, we will see how genetic information can be analysed by algorithms. In these five weeks to come, we will see first, what are these genomic texts, we will try to analyse using algorithms and ...

Mots clés : DNA, Genome, algorithm, cell, bioinformatics

Date : 05-05-2015

Droits : Droits réservés à l'éditeur et aux auteurs. Ces ressources de cours sont, sauf mention contraire, diffusées sous Licence Creative Commons. L’utilisateur doit mentionner le nom de l’auteur, il peut exploiter l’œuvre sauf dans un contexte commercial et il ne peut apporter de modifications à l’œuvre ...

1.1. The cell, atom of the living world

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1.2. At the heart of the cell: the DNA macromolecule

Description : During the last session, we saw how at the heart of the cell there's DNA in the nucleus, sometimes of cells, or directly in the cytoplasm of the bacteria. The DNA is what we call a macromolecule, that is a very long molecule. It's Avery, in 1944, who discovered that the DNA was the support of genetic ...

Mots clés : DNA, Genome, algorithm, cell, bioinformatics

Date : 05-02-2015

1.2. At the heart of the cell: the DNA macromolecule

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1.3. DNA codes for genetic information

Description : Remember at the heart of any cell,there is this very long molecule which is called a macromolecule for this reason, which is the DNA molecule. Now we will see that DNA molecules support what is called the "genetic information". So, DNAcodes for genetic information. How? If you consider this doub ...

Mots clés : DNA, Genome, algorithm, cell, bioinformatics

Date : 05-02-2015

1.3. DNA codes for genetic information

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1.4. What is an algorithm?

Description : We have seen that a genomic textcan be indeed a very long sequence of characters. And to interpret this sequence of characters, we will need to use computers. Using computers means writing program. Writing program means designing first algorithm. So, let's see what an algorithm is. An algorithm ...

Mots clés : DNA, Genome, algorithm, cell, bioinformatics

Date : 05-05-2015

1.4. What is an algorithm?

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1.5. Counting nucleotides

Description : In this session, don't panic. We will design our first algorithm. This algorithm is forcounting nucleotides. The idea here is that as an input,you have a sequence of nucleotides, of bases, of letters, of characters which ends with a star symbol, here. And, you want to count the number of A,C, G ...

Mots clés : DNA, Genome, algorithm, cell, bioinformatics

Date : 05-02-2015

1.5. Counting nucleotides

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1.6. GC and AT contents of DNA sequence

Description : We have designed our first algorithmfor counting nucleotides. Remember, what we have writtenin pseudo code is first declaration of variables. We have several integer variables that are variables which cantake as a value an integer. One, two, three minus five and so on. We have the sequence of ch ...

Mots clés : DNA, Genome, algorithm, cell, bioinformatics

Date : 05-02-2015

1.6. GC and AT contents of DNA sequence

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1.7. DNA walk

Description : We will now design a more graphical algorithm which is called "the DNA walk". We shall see what does it mean "DNA walk". Walk on to DNA. Something like that, yes. But first, just have a look again at the typical, also quite short sequence of DNA, a long text offour letters: A, C, G, T, T and so ...

Mots clés : DNA, Genome, algorithm, cell, bioinformatics

Date : 05-02-2015

1.7. DNA walk

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1.8. Compressing the DNA walk

Description : We have written the algorithm for the circle DNA walk. Just a precision here: the kind of drawing we get has nothing to do with the physical drawing of the DNA molecule. It is a symbolic representation. It is a way of representing the information content of the sequence as a drawing. Remember that ...

Mots clés : DNA, Genome, algorithm, cell, bioinformatics

Date : 05-02-2015

1.8. Compressing the DNA walk

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